Doped polymer semiconductors with ultrahigh and ultralow. Selfdoped conducting polymers selfdoped conducting polymers michael s. Selfdoped polyaniline, containing sulphonic acid substituents has been. A novel selfdoped watersoluble conducting polymer spedot was synthesized by oxidative polymerization of 3,4ethylenedioxythiophene edot having an alkylsulfonate side chain. Conducting polymers for ntype semiconductors, molecular. Conductive polymers or, more precisely, intrinsically conducting polymers icps are organic polymers that conduct electricity.
Discussing theory and transport, synthesis, processing, properties, and applications, this second edition of a standard resource covers advances in the field of electrically conducting polymers and contains more than 1500 drawings, photographs, tables, and equations. Vaporphase polymerization of 3,4ethylenedioxythiophene. In general a half filled valence band, formed from a continuous delocalized. This is followed by an in depth exploration of the synthesis, properties and utilization of several types of selfdoped polymers. The majority of conjugated polymers are more stable as pdoped materials than ndoped materials. The chemistry nobel prize in 2000 was awarded for the. Although our selfcompensated doped polymers superficially resemble selfdoped polymers 8,9, they are generated by separate chargecarrier doping and compensation steps, which enables the use of. Maintaining the style of presentation and depth of coverage that made the first edition so popular, it contains the. Conductive polymers have been extensively explored during last several decades because of their excellent electronic, physical properties and chemical stability. This gives rise to selfdoped conducting polymers that are soluble in water in the doped state. As synthesized conductive polymers exhibit very low conductivities. Conducting polymers cps are a special class of polymeric materials with electronic and ionic conductivity. Localized charge transfer in a molecularly doped conducting polymer article in advanced materials 1920.
Conducting polymers have attracted much attention of the scientists when bolto et al. Conducting polymer coatings in electrochemical technology. Such compounds may have metallic conductivity or can be semiconductors. Selfdoped conducting polymers request pdf researchgate.
Sodium salts and acid forms of poly3thiophene ethane sulfonate and poly3thiophene butane. The conductivity of such doped polymers depends on the nature of the dopants and level of doping. Despite broad applications ranging from electronics to biomedical sensing and imaging, a longstanding problem of conducting polymers is the poor resistance to dedoping, which directly affects their signature electrical and optical properties. Stable ndoped polymers are still desirable and for all polymer opvs, pleds, nchannel fets, and other polymeric electronic devices. One of the fundamental challenges in the field of conducting polymers, therefore, is to design low band gap intrinsically conducting polymers so that there is no need to dope them. Stably doped conducting polymer nanoshells by surface. Here, we report a substituted poly3,4ethylenedioxythiophene derivative pedots. The first example of conducting polyacetylene upon doping with halogens or asf5. Conductive polymers applications for electronic devices. Conductivity in these systems is believed to arise from the. Selfdoped polyanilinepolydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride complex.
We shall highlight some specific examples of such systems and discuss some of their potential applications. This problem is particularly significant for biomedical uses because of fast leaching of dopant ions in physiological environments. Watersoluble conducting polymers are of interest to enable more versatile processing in aqueous media as well as to facilitate interactions with biomolecules. Optimization of selfdoped polymers is also discussed. The biggest advantage of conductive polymers is their processability, mainly by dispersion. Selfdoped conducting polymers may be formed if the dopant anion is. A polymer can be made conductive by oxidation pdoping andor, less frequently, reduction ndoping of the polymer either by chemical or electrochemical means, generating the mobile charge carriers. Conductive polymers have seen great advancement during the last two decades. These conducting polymerbased mems devices are believed to lead to flexible and largearea sensor applications for human information input and output.
View conducting polymers research papers on academia. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. However, based on spectroelectrochemical and insitu conductance measurements, the pconductivity regime can be. H thin film, the film detaches from the underlying electrode. Elsevier synthetic metals 87 1997 5359 stability of ntype doped conducting polymers and consequences for polymeric microelectronic devices d. Conducting polymers and classification of conducting.
Mccullough r d, tristramnagle s, williams s p, lowe r d and jayaraman m 1993 selforienting headtotail poly3alkylthiophenes. In these polymers the counterions are covalently bound to the polymer backbone, leading to the self doping concept. Conducting polymers are rapidly gaining attraction in new applications with increasingly processable materials with better electrical and physical properties and lower costs. Selfdoped conducting polymers research and markets. High electron affiliation or low oxidation potentials are the characteristics of conducting polymers. View conductive polymers research papers on academia. Download conducting polymers a new era in electrochemistry pdf free.
Selfdoped conducting polymers arizona state university. Selfdoped conducting polymers provides an introduction to conducting polymers in general and selfdoped conducting polymers in particular. Synthetic metals, 20 1987 151 159 151 selfdoped conducting polymers a. Selfdoped conducting polymers pdf free download epdf. Suarezherrera encyclopedia of life support systems eolss doped pt, polyparaphenylene ppp, and ppy can display conductivity which does not seem to be associated with unpaired electrons but rather with spinless charge carriers. Doping p or n generates charge carriers which move in an electric field. This is followed by an in depth exploration of the synthesis, properties and utilization of several types of self doped polymers. In particular, the presence of these groups can alter the stability of the doped structure as well as influence the nature of charge compensation.
The use of donoracceptor architectures has led to improvements in ntype polymer performance. Up to now, it is difficult to prepare lowcost carbon composites from renewable resources. Conducting polymers cps are an exciting new class of electronic materials, which have attracted an increasing interest since their discovery in 1977. The paper by ajit koshla describes nanoparticledoped electrically conducting polymers for flexible nanomicro systems. Selfdoped watersoluble conducting polymers springerlink. In a self doped conjugated polymer, charge injected into the. Selfdoped conducting polyaniline pan films were deposited on passive stainless steel ss aisi304 substrates by cyclic potential sweep deposition from. In particular, techniques for nanoparticle dispersion in polymers. Electrical conductivity of the polymers depends on many other factors also. Request pdf selfdoped conducting polymers halftitle pagetitle pagecopyright pagetable of contentsabout the authorspreface find, read and cite all. Synthesis and characterization of a novel selfdoped water. Conducting polymers and their applications bentham science. Conductive polymers are generally not thermoplastics, i. In these polymers the counterions are covalently bound to the polymer backbone, leading to the selfdoping concept.
Development of ntype polymer semiconductors for organic. Composites combining electrostatic charge accumulation and faradic reaction mechanisms are especially attractive highperformance supercapacitor electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. Polyaniline and its derivatives doped with lewis acids. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrochemistry conducting polymers marco f. Organic conducting polymers that contain covalently bound, charged functional groups that in turn have an impact on the properties of the polymer are referred to as self doped conducting polymers. Biosensor, conducting polymer, field effect transistor, light emitting diode, solar cell, supercapacitor. In particular, the presence of these groups can alter the stability of the doped structure as well as influence the nature of charge. The book written by freund and deore can be used as a reference on self doped conducting polymer 48. Holstlaan 4, 5656 aa eindhoven, netherlands received 11 october 1996.
Conducting polymers encyclopedia of life support systems. Protonconducting polymers ionconducting polymers each polymer type has already found widespread use in many, mainly optical and electronic applications such as batteries, displays, plastic wires, optical signal processing, information storage, solar energy conversion, etc although conducting polymers have been known for at least 25. Electrical and electrochemical properties of conducting polymers. Heeger department of physics and institute for polymers and organic solids, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 u. Self doped conducting polymers provides an introduction to conducting polymers in general and self doped conducting polymers in particular. Conducting polymers are organic polymers that conduct electricity. Introduction conducting polymers have garnered a great deal of attention since the discovery of metallic conductivity in polyacetylene in the 1970s by hideki shirakawa, alan heeger, and alan macdiarmid, a feat leading to their 2000 nobel prize in chemistry. In this work, an outstanding and lowcost composite was fabricated by using sustainable n. Synthesis of conducting polymers and their characterization. This utilizes the ability of such materials to change their electrical properties during reaction with various redox agents dopants or via their instability to moisture and heat. Conducting polymers, fundamentals and applications. Neutral poly3,4ethylenedioxythiophene pedot thin films can be switched to an electronically conducting form either by oxidation pdoping or reduction ndoping in anhydrous organic solvents. The new nanostructured forms of conducting polymers particularly, augment this field with their higher surface area and better dispersability.
It is not until an electron is removed from the valence band pdoping or added to the conduction band ndoping, which is far less common does a conducting polymer become highly conductive. This book deals with the practical fundamentals and applications of conducting polymers. It is well known that graphite is a good conductor, previously it was thought that polymers which substitute a carbon e. Doped organic conducting polymers, though conducting, suffer from two disadvantages of chemical instability and poor processibility. This means that the polymers can be reduced and doped with electrons donors ntype and also have the potential to be oxidized and doped with electron acceptors ptype. Consequently, conjugated polymers are insulators in their neutral state and no intrinsically conducting organic polymer is known at this time. Organic conducting polymers that contain covalently bound, charged functional groups that in turn have an impact on the properties of the polymer are referred to as selfdoped conducting polymers. Electronic control over detachment of a selfdoped water. Written from a pedagogical point of view and at a very basic level, it provides a thorough grounding in cps ideal for further work, as a reference, or as a supplementary course text. Terthienyl and pyrrole, substituted with alkylsulfonate side chains, can be polymerized electrochemically without the addition of a conduction salt. Synthesis and properties of an nselfdoped conducting polymer. Selfdoped n4sulfopropylaniline3, 4ethylenedioxythiophene.
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